Role of Fungicides, Application of Nozzle Types, and the Resistance Level of Wheat Varieties in the Control of Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Role of Fungicides, Application of Nozzle Types, and the Resistance Level of Wheat Varieties in the Control of Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol 英文参考文献.doc

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Role of Fungicides, Application of Nozzle Types, and the Resistance Level of Wheat Varieties in the Control of Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol 英文参考文献

Toxins 2011, 3, 1453-1483; doi:10.3390/toxins3111453 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 /journal/toxins Article Role of Fungicides, Application of Nozzle Types, and the Resistance Level of Wheat Varieties in the Control of Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol ákos Mesterházy 1,*, Beáta Tóth 1, Monika Varga 1, Tibor Bartók 1, ágnes Szabó-Hevér 1, László Farády 2 and Szabolcs Lehoczki-Krsjak 1 1 Cereal Research Non-profit Company, H-6701 Szeged, P.O. Box 391, Hungary; E-Mails: beata.toth@gabonakutato.hu (B.T.); vargam@gabonakutato.hu (M.V.); tibor.bartok@fumizol.hu (T.B.); agnes.szabo@gabonakutato.hu (á.S.-H.); lehoczkisz@gabonakutato.hu (S.L.-K.) 2 Bayer Hungaria Ltd., Alkotas Str. 50, 1123 Budapest, Hungary; E-Mail: laszlo.farady@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: akos.mesterhazy@gabonakutato.hu; Tel.: +36-30-4159730; Fax: +36-62-420101. Received: 1 October 2011; in revised form: 3 November 2011 / Accepted: 3 November 2011 / Published: 16 November 2011 Abstract: Fungicide application is a key factor in the control of mycotoxin contamination in the harvested wheat grain. However, the practical results are often disappointing. In 2000–2004, 2006–2008 and 2007 and 2008, three experiments were made to test the efficacy of fungicide control on Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in wheat and to find ways to improve control of the disease and toxin contamination. In a testing system we have used for 20 years, tebuconazole and tebuconazole + prothioconazole fungicides regularly reduced symptoms by about 80% with a correlating reduction in toxin contamination. Averages across the years normally show a correlation of r = 0.90 or higher. The stability differences (measured by the stability index) between the poorest and the best fungicides are about 10 or more times, differing slightly in mycotoxin accumulation, FHB index (severity) and Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK). The w