Risk Factors for Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis at the Household Level in Kabul, Afghanistan 英文参考文献.docVIP

RiskFactorsforAnthroponoticCutaneousLeishmaniasis attheHouseholdLevelinKabul,Afghanistan RichardReithinger*,MohammadMohsen,TobyLeslie HealthNetTPO,Kabul,Afghanistan Abstract Background:Kabul,Afghanistan,isthelargestfocusofanthroponoticcutaneousleishmaniasis(ACL)intheworld.ACLisa protozoan disease transmitted to humans by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. Although not fatal, ACL can lead to considerablestigmatizationofaffectedpopulations. Methods: Using data from a standardized survey of 872 households in 4 wards of Kabul, Afghanistan, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses tested associations between presence of active ACL and ACL scars with 15 household-levelvariables. Findings: Univariate analyses showed that active ACL was positively associated with household member’s age, ACL prevalence,andbrickwalltype,butnegativelyassociatedwithhouseholdnumberofrooms,bednetuse,andproportionof windowswithscreens.MultivariateanalysisshowedapositiveassociationbetweenactiveACLandhouseholdmember’s age,ACLprevalence,andbrickwalltype,andanegativeassociationwithhouseholdproportionofwindowswithscreens. Conclusion: Household-level charateristics were shown to be risk factors for ACL. Monitoring a selected number of householdcharacteristicscouldassistinrapidassessmentsofhousehold-levelvariationinriskofACL.ACLpreventionand controlprogramsshouldconsiderimprovinghouseconstruction,includingsmoothingofwallsandscreeningofwindows. Citation:ReithingerR,MohsenM,LeslieT(2010)RiskFactorsforAnthroponoticCutaneousLeishmaniasisattheHouseholdLevelinKabul,Afghanistan.PLoS NeglTropDis4(3):e0000639.doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000639 Editor:MarleenBoelaert,InstituteofTropicalMedicine,Belgium ReceivedOctober5,2009;AcceptedFebruary3,2010;PublishedMarch23,2010 Copyright: ?2010 Reithinger et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauth