研究生英语写作总复习.pptVIP

作文总复习 * * Relationships within sentences: cause and effect; comparison and contrast; definition; classification and exemplification. Cause and effect: 表示原因或结果的动词和动词短语： bring about, lead to, make, give rise to, arise from, result in，result from, 表示原因的介词和短语：because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, for, on account of 表示原因的连词和短语：since, because, now that, in that, the reason is that, This is why 表示结果的词和短语： as a result, consequently, the result is.. 在理解原因和结果时，要注意一因多果和一果多因。有些结果，在这里是结果，在那里可能变成原因。 Sample 1 What does a good night’s sleep mean to our mood? Generally we are happier, less aggressive, sleepier, and, a bit surprisingly, less friendly. Being sleepier is easily explained. It simply takes a little time to become fully alert after awakening. Researchers found that a half hour after getting up, people are less sleepy than before retiring. 这段话表现了一因多果。The cause is “good night’s sleep”. And effect is “We are happier, less aggressive, sleepier, and, a bit surprisingly, less friendly.” Sample 2 The engineers who repaired the clock believe that the breakdown was the result of metal fatigue. Metals deteriorate owing to repeated stresses above a certain critical value. Part of the clock mechanism fractured. As a result, the speed of the the gear wheels increased from about 1.5 revolutions per minute to 16,000 rpm the resulting centrifugal force threw pieces of the clock mechanism in all directions. It also damaged the mechanism which drives the click’s hands. The metal fatigue had never been noticed, as fatigue cracks are invisible to the naked. The engineers have now fitted a device that will prevent the accidents from happening again. Any increase in speed will cause a brake to be applied to the gear wheel. They engineers are confidents that Big Ben will remain accurate and reliable for another 200 years. Para. 1 Metal deteriorate Repeated stress above a certain critical value The breakdown of Big Ben Metal fatigue Effect Cause