Daytime Naps, Motor Memory Consolidation and Regionally Specific Sleep Spindles 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Daytime Naps, Motor Memory Consolidation and Regionally Specific Sleep Spindles 英文参考文献.doc

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Daytime Naps, Motor Memory Consolidation and Regionally Specific Sleep Spindles 英文参考文献

DaytimeNaps,MotorMemoryConsolidationand RegionallySpecificSleepSpindles MasakiNishida,MatthewP.Walker* Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica Background.Increasingevidencedemonstratesthatmotor-skillmemoriesimproveacrossanightofsleep,andthatnon-rapid eye movement (NREM)sleep commonlyplaysa rolein orchestratingthese consolidation enhancements. Here weshowthe benefitofadaytimenaponmotormemoryconsolidationanditsrelationshipnotsimplywithglobalsleep-stagemeasures,but uniquecharacteristicsofsleepspindlesatregionallyspecificlocations;mappingtothecorrespondingmemoryrepresentation. Methodology/Principal Findings.Twogroupsofsubjectstrainedonamotor-skilltaskusingtheirlefthand–aparadigm knowntoresultinovernightplasticchangesinthecontralateral,rightmotorcortex.Bothgroupstrainedinthemorningand weretested 8hr later,withone groupobtaininga 60–90minute intervening middaynap,while theother groupremained awake. At testing, subjects that did not nap showed no significant performance improvement, yet those that did nap expressedahighlysignificantconsolidationenhancement.Withinthenapgroup,theamountofofflineimprovementshowed a significant correlation with the global measure of stage-2 NREM sleep. However, topographical sleep spindle analysis revealedmoreprecisecorrelations.Specifically,whenspindleactivityatthecentralelectrodeofthenon-learninghemisphere (left)wassubtractedfromthatinthelearninghemisphere(right),representingthehomeostaticdifferencefollowinglearning, strong positive relationships with offline memory improvement emerged–correlations that were not evident for either hemisphere alone. Conclusions/Significance. These results demonstrate that motor memories are dynamically facilitated across daytime naps, enhancements that are uniquely associated with electrophysiological events expressed at local, anatomicallydiscretelocationsofthebrain. Citation: N