Deep Sequencing of Viroid-Derived Small RNAs from Grapevine Provides New Insights on the Role of RNA Silencing in Plant-Viroid Interaction 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Deep Sequencing of Viroid-Derived Small RNAs from Grapevine Provides New Insights on the Role of RNA Silencing in Plant-Viroid Interaction 英文参考文献.doc

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Deep Sequencing of Viroid-Derived Small RNAs from Grapevine Provides New Insights on the Role of RNA Silencing in Plant-Viroid Interaction 英文参考文献

DeepSequencingofViroid-DerivedSmallRNAsfrom GrapevineProvidesNewInsightsontheRoleofRNA SilencinginPlant-ViroidInteraction BeatrizNavarro1.,VitantonioPantaleo1.,AndreasGisel2,SimonMoxon3,TamasDalmay4,Gyo¨rgy Bisztray5,FrancescoDiSerio1*,Jo′zsefBurgya′n1* 1IstitutodiVirologiaVegetale,ConsiglioNazionaledelleRicerche,TorinoandBari,Italy,2IstitutodiTecnologieBiomediche,ConsiglioNazionaledelleRicerche,Bari,Italy, 3SchoolofComputingSciences,UniversityofEastAnglia,Norwich,UnitedKingdom,4SchoolofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofEastAnglia,Norwich,UnitedKingdom, 5CorvinusUniversity,Budapest,Hungary Abstract Background:Viroidsarecircular,highlystructured,non-protein-codingRNAsthat,usurpingcellularenzymesandescaping hostdefensemechanisms,areabletoreplicateandmovethroughinfectedplants.Similarlytoviruses,viroidinfectionsare associatedwiththeaccumulationofviroid-derived21–24ntsmallRNAs(vd-sRNAs)withthetypicalfeaturesofthesmall interfering RNAs characteristic of RNA silencing, a sequence-specific mechanism involved in defense against invading nucleicacidsandinregulationofgeneexpressioninmosteukaryoticorganisms. Methodology/Principal Findings: To gain further insights on the genesis and possible role of vd-sRNAs in plant-viroid interaction, sRNAs isolated from Vitis vinifera infected by Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd1) were sequenced by thehigh-throughput platform Solexa-Illumina, and thevd-sRNAs were analyzed. The large majorityofHSVd-andGYSVd1-sRNAsderivedfromafewspecificregions(hotspots)ofthegenomic(+)and(2)viroidRNAs, withaprevalenceofthosefromthe(2)strandsofbothviroids.Whengroupedaccordingtotheirsizes,vd-sRNAsalways assumedadistributionwithprominent21-,22-and24-ntpeaks,which,interestingly,mappedatthesamehotspots. Conclusions/Significance: Thesefindingsshowthatdifferent Dicer-like enzymes(DCLs)targetviroidRNAs,preferentially accessing to the same viroid domains. Interestingly, our results also suggest that viroid RNAs may interact with hos