Role of Phosphatidyl-Serine in Bone Repair and Its Technological Exploitation 英文参考文献.docVIP

Molecules 2009, 14, 5367-5381; doi:10.3390/moleculeOPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Review Role of Phosphatidyl-Serine in Bone Repair and Its Technological Exploitation Antonio Merolli 1,* and Matteo Santin 2 1 Orthopaedics Hand Surgery, The Catholic University in Rome, Complesso Columbus, via Moscati 31, I-00168 Rome, Italy 2 School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Cockcroft Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK; E-Mail: m.santin@brighton.ac.uk (M.S.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: antonio.merolli@rm.unicatt.it. Received: 30 September 2009; in revised form: 16 November 2009 / Accepted: 21 December 2009 / Published: 22 December 2009 Abstract: In the 1970s, morphological evidence collected by electron microscopy linked mineral deposition (“calcification” or “mineralization”) in newly-forming bone to membrane-encapsulated particles of a diameter of approximately 100 nm (50–200 nm) that were called “matrix vesiscles”. As the characterisation of these vesicles progressed towards their biochemical composition, the role of lipids in the biomineralization process appeared to be crucial. In particular, a group of cell-membrane phospholipids were identified as major players in the crystal formation process. Indeed, in the 1980s it became clear that phosphatidylserine, together with proteins of the annexin family, was among the most important molecules in binding calcium ions and that this phospholipid was involved in the regulation of the early stages of mineralization in vivo. During the same period of time, the number of surgical implantations of orthopaedic, dental and maxilo-facial devices requiring full integration with the treated bone prompted the study of new functionalisation molecules able to establish a stable bonding with the mineral phase of the host tissue. In the late 1990s studies s