Rotavirus Infection A Systemic Illness 英文参考文献.docVIP

Perspectives Rotavirus Infection: A Systemic Illness? David C. A. Candy S ince the 1950s, rotavirus has been recognized in veterinary circles as an important cause of diarrhoea in young livestock and poultry. In the 1970s, the virus was found to be a cause of infantile diarrhoea in humans [1], and after this discovery rotavirus rapidly became established as the most prevalent cause of paediatric diarrhoea [2]. Pathology of Rotavirus Infection Rotavirus preferentially infects the mature villous enterocytes (intestinal epithelial cells) of the upper small intestine [3]. The microcirculation of jejunal villi responds (by constricting and dilating) to infection in infant mice, but viral particles are not seen by electron microscopy in the tissues of the lamina propria beneath the epithelial layer or within mucosal blood vessels [3]. In?ammatory changes in the jejunal epithelium and lamina propria are not striking compared with those seen with invasive bacterial enteropathogens such as Salmonellae and Shigellae. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040117.g001 Electron micrograph showing a number of RNA rotavirus virions (which have a wheel- like appearance) and a number of unknown, 29 nm virion particles in blood samples from children with rotavirus diarrhoea [5]. The researchers tested serum on animal data or the detection of viral fragments such as viral-associated proteins or RNA. samples obtained upon hospitalisation from children with gastroenteritis (57 stool rotavirus-positive and 41 rotavirus-negative), children with diagnosed bronchiolitis of known (n = 58) or unknown (n = 17) viral aetiology, children with non-infectious, non-chronic conditions (n = 17), and healthy adults (n = 28). They con?rmed that 90% of children with rotaviral diarrhoea have rotavirus antigenaemia compared with 12% with rotavirus-negative diarrhoea, 12% with virus-negative bronchiolitis, and 0% in children and adults without diarrhoea. The children with rotavirus antigenaemia and rotavir