Semantic Associations between Signs and Numerical Categories in the Prefrontal Cortex 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Semantic Associations between Signs and Numerical Categories in the Prefrontal Cortex 英文参考文献.doc

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Semantic Associations between Signs and Numerical Categories in the Prefrontal Cortex 英文参考文献

o PL SBIOLOGY SemanticAssociationsbetweenSigns andNumericalCategoriesinthePrefrontal Cortex Ilka Diester, Andreas Nieder* PrimateNeuroCognitionLaboratory,DepartmentofCognitiveNeurology,Hertie-InstituteforClinicalBrainResearch,UniversityofTu¨bingen,Tu¨bingen,Germany The utilization of symbols such as words and numbers as mental tools endows humans with unrivalled cognitive flexibility. In the number domain, a fundamental first step for the acquisition of numerical symbols is the semantic associationofsignswithcardinalities.Weexploredtheprimitivesofsuchasemanticmappingprocessbyrecordingsingle- cell activity in the monkey prefrontal and parietal cortices, brain structures critically involved in numerical cognition. Monkeysweretrainedtoassociatevisualshapeswithvaryingnumbersofitemsinamatchingtask.Afterthislong-term learningprocess,wefoundthattheresponsesofmanyprefrontalneuronstothevisualshapesreflectedtheassociated numericalvalueinabehaviorallyrelevantway.Incontrast,suchassociationneuronswererarelyfoundintheparietal lobe.Thesefindingssuggestacardinalroleoftheprefrontalcortexinestablishingsemanticassociationsbetweensigns andabstractcategories,acognitiveprecursorthatmayultimatelygiverisetosymbolicthinkinginlinguistichumans. Citation:DiesterI,NiederA(2007)Semanticassociationsbetweensignsandnumericalcategoriesintheprefrontalcortex.PLoSBiol5(11):e294.doi:10.1371/journal.pbio. 0050294 Iftheprecursorhypothesisholdstrue,thesamenetworkthatis involvedinquantityestimationinnonhumanprimatesshould Introduction Humans and animals share an evolutionarily old quantity representationsystemthatallowstheestimationofsetsizeor numberofevents[1].Theassessmentofnumericalinforma- tion is advantageous for the individual’s ?tness. This is particularly evident in social interactions (?ght or ?ight decisionsincontests)[2],foraging(exploitingthericherfood source) [3], and parenting (discrimination of offspring) [4]. Quantity representations arise spontaneously without train- ing as has been show