Sex differences, gonadal hormones and the fear extinction network implications for anxiety disorders 英文参考文献.docVIP

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2017-05-13 发布于上海
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Sex differences, gonadal hormones and the fear extinction network implications for anxiety disorders 英文参考文献.doc

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Sex differences, gonadal hormones and the fear extinction network implications for anxiety disorders 英文参考文献

Lebron-MiladandMiladBiologyofMoodAnxietyDisorders2012,2:3 /content/2/1/3 Biology of Mood Anxiety Disorders REVIEW OpenAccess Sexdifferences,gonadalhormonesandthefear extinctionnetwork:implicationsforanxiety disorders KelimerLebron-MiladandMohammedRMilad* Abstract Convergentdatafromrodentsandhumanstudieshaveledtothedevelopmentofmodelsdescribingtheneural mechanismsoffearextinction.Keycomponentsofthenowwell-characterizedfearextinctionnetworkincludethe amygdala,hippocampus,andmedialprefrontalcorticalregions.Thesemodelsarefuelingnovelhypothesesthat arecurrentlybeingtestedwithmuchrefinedexperimentaltoolstoexaminetheinteractionswithinthisnetwork. Laggingfarbehind,however,istheexaminationofsexdifferencesinthisnetworkandhowsexhormones influencethefunctionalactivityandreactivityofthesebrainregionsinthecontextoffearinhibition.Indeed,there isalargebodyofliteraturesuggestingthatsexhormones,suchasestrogen,domodulateneuralplasticitywithin thefearextinctionnetwork,especiallyinthehippocampus. Afterabriefoverviewofthefearextinctionnetwork,wesummarizewhatiscurrentlyknownaboutsexdifferences infearextinctionandtheinfluenceofgonadalhormonesonthefearextinctionnetwork.Wethengoonto proposepossiblemechanismsbywhichsexhormones,suchasestrogen,mayinfluenceneuralplasticitywithinthe fearextinctionnetwork.Weendwithadiscussionofhowknowledgetobegainedfromdevelopingthislineof researchmayhavesignificantramificationstowardstheetiology,epidemiologyandtreatmentofanxietydisorders. Keywords:menstrualcycle,sexhormones,estrogen,progesterone,estruscycle,fearextinction Background differences in psychiatric disorders. A 2001 report by There are now substantial data indicating that struc- the Institute of Medicine highlighted the need to con- tural, cellular and molecular differences exist between duct scientific studies at the cellular, molecular and themaleandfemalebrainsinregionsthatareimportant whole organism level that take into account sex as a forcognition,memoryandaffect,suchasthehippocam-