Sexual and injection-related risks in Puerto Rican-born injection drug users living in New York City A mixed-methods analysis 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sexual and injection-related risks in Puerto Rican-born injection drug users living in New York City A mixed-methods analysis 英文参考文献.doc

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Sexual and injection-related risks in Puerto Rican-born injection drug users living in New York City A mixed-methods analysis 英文参考文献

Gelpí-Acostaetal.HarmReductionJournal2011,8:28 /content/8/1/28 RESEARCH OpenAccess Sexualandinjection-relatedrisksinPuertoRican- borninjectiondruguserslivinginNewYorkCity: Amixed-methodsanalysis CamilaGelpí-Acosta1*,HollyHagan2,SamuelMJenness3,TravisWendel4andAlanNeaigus5 Abstract Background:ThesedatawerecollectedaspartoftheNationalHIVBehavioralSurveillance(NHBS)study.NHBSisa cross-sectionalstudytoinvestigateHIVbehavioralrisksamongcoreriskgroupsin21U.S.citieswiththehighest HIV/AIDSprevalence.ThisanalysisexaminesdatafromtheNHBSdatacollectioncyclewithIDUconductedinNew YorkCityin2009.WeexploredhowtherecencyofmigrationfromPuertoRico(PR)toNewYorkCity(NYC) impactsbothsyringesharingandunprotectedsexamonginjectiondrugusers(IDU)currentlylivinginNYC. Methods:Weusedamixed-methodsapproachtoexaminedifferencesinriskbetweenUS-bornIDU,PRIDUwho migratedtoNYCmorethanthreeyearsago(non-recentmigrants),andPRIDUwhomigratedinthelastthree years(recentmigrants).Respondent-drivensampling(RDS)wasusedtorecruitthesample(n=514).Inaddition, qualitativeindividualandgroupinterviewswithrecentPRmigrants(n=12)andcommunityexperts(n=2) allowedforanin-depthexplorationoftheIDUmigrationprocessandthematerialandculturalfactorsbehind continuedriskbehaviorsinNYC. Results:Inmultiplelogisticregressioncontrollingforconfoundingfactors,recentmigrantsweresignificantlymore likelytoreportunprotectedsexualintercoursewithcasualorexchangepartners(adjustedoddsratio[AOR]:2.81; 95%confidenceintervals[CI]:1.37-5.76)andreceptivesyringesharing(AOR=2.44;95%CI:1.20-4.97)inthepast year,comparedtoUS-bornIDU.HIVandHCVseroprevalencewerehighestamongnon-recentmigrants.Qualitative resultsshowedthatriskyinjectionpracticesarepartlybasedonculturalnormsacquiredwhileinjectingdrugsin PuertoRico.Thesesameresultsalsoillustratehowhomelessnessinfluencesriskysexualpractices. Conclusions:Poormaterialconditions(especiallyhomelessness)maybekeyintriggeringriskysexualpractices. Culturalnorms(ingrainedwhileusingdrugsinPR)aroundinjectiondruguseareperp

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