Sex, Subdivision, and Domestic Dispersal of Trypanosoma cruzi Lineage I in Southern Ecuador 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sex,Subdivision,andDomesticDispersalof TrypanosomacruziLineageIinSouthernEcuador Sof?′aOcan?a-Mayorga1,MartinS.Llewellyn2,JaimeA.Costales1,MichaelA.Miles2,MarioJ.Grijalva1,3* 1CentrodeInvestigacio′nenEnfermedadesInfecciosas,PontificiaUniversidadCato′licadelEcuador,Quito,Ecuador,2LondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine, London,UnitedKindom,3BiomedicalSciencesDepartment,CollegeofOsteopathicMedicine,TropicalDiseaseInstitute,OhioUniversity,Athens,Ohio,UnitedStatesof America Abstract Background: Molecular epidemiology at the community level has an important guiding role in zoonotic disease control programmeswheregeneticmarkersaresuitablyvariabletounravelthedynamicsoflocaltransmission.Weevaluatedthe moleculardiversityofTrypanosomacruzi,theetiologicalagentofChagasdisease,insouthernEcuador(LojaProvince).This kinetoplastidparasitehastraditionallybeenaparadigmforclonalpopulationstructureinpathogenicorganisms.However, the presence of naturally occurring hybrids, mitochondrial introgression, and evidence of genetic exchange in the laboratoryquestionthisdogma. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Eighty-oneparasiteisolatesfromdomiciliary,peridomiciliary,andsylvatictriatominesand mammals were genotyped across 10 variable microsatellite loci. Two discrete parasite populations were defined: one predominantly composed of isolates from domestic and peridomestic foci, and another predominantly composed of isolatesfromsylvaticfoci.Spatialgeneticvariationwasabsentfromtheformer,suggestingrapidparasitedispersalacross ourstudyarea.Furthermore,linkageequilibriumbetweenloci,Hardy-Weinbergallelefrequenciesatindividualloci,anda lackofrepeatedgenotypesareindicativeoffrequentgeneticexchangeamongindividualsinthedomestic/peridomestic population. Conclusions/Significance: These data represent novel population-level evidence of an extant capacity for sex among naturalcyclesofT.cruzitransmission.Assuchtheyhavedramaticimplicationsforourunderstandingofthefundamental genetics of this parasite. Our data also