Sex-related differences in motor learning and performance 英文参考文献.docVIP

Moreno-Brise?oetal.BehavioralandBrainFunctions2010,6:74 /content/6/1/74 SHORT PAPER OpenAccess Sex-relateddifferencesinmotorlearningand performance PabloMoreno-Brise?o1,RosalindaDíaz1,AurelioCampos-Romo1,JuanFernandez-Ruiz1,2* Abstract Genderdifferenceshavebeenshownacrossmanydomains,andmotorskillsarenoexception.Oneofthemost robustfindingsisasignificantsexdifferenceinthrowingaccuracy,whichreflectstheadvantageofmenintarget- ingabilities.However,littleisknownaboutthebasisofthisdifference.Totrytodissectpossiblemechanisms involvedinthisdifference,herewetestedforgendervariationsinaprismadaptationthrowingtask.Wetested154 subjectsinavisuomotorprismadaptationtaskthatdiscriminatesbetweenmotorperformance,visuomotoradapta- tionandnegativeaftereffects.Ourresultscorroboratemen’ssignificantbetterthrowingaccuracy,althoughthere werenoadaptationdifferencesbetweengenders.Incontrast,womenshowedsignificantlargernegativeafteref- fects,whichcouldbeexplainedbyalargercontributionofspatialalignment.Theseresultssuggestthatdifferent learningmechanisms,likestrategiccalibrationandspatialalignment,mayhavedifferentcontributionsinmenand women. Background and women in a prism adaptation task that involves Among the most robust examples of differences throwing balls at a target [8]. This task has the added between men and women is the better throwing accu- benefit that it makes possible to separate visuomotor racyshownbymen[1,2].Togetherwithabetterspatial performance from visuomotor learning [9-11]. For ability,ithasbeensuggestedthatthisgenderdifference example, patient populations like Parkinson’ s disease arisesinceearlyhumanages,whenmenwentouthunt- (PD) or Huntington’s disease (HD) show significant ing,whilewomenstayedwiththechildrenwhilegather- impairments in visuomotor performance as measured ingfoodormakingmanuallabor[3]. by the large variance showed in their baseline throws; Whatever its origins, gender differences for throwing however, their visuomotor adapta