Small Magnetic Sensors for Space Applications 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2009, 9, 2271-2288; doi:10.3390/OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Small Magnetic Sensors for Space Applications Marina Díaz-Michelena Payloads and Instrumentation Area, INTA-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, / Ctra. de Torrejón a Ajalvir km 4.2, Madrid, Spain; E-Mail: diazma@inta.es;Tel. +34-91-520-1183; Fax: +34-91-520-1065 Received: 23 December 2008; in revised form: 7 March 2009 / Accepted: 26 March 2009 / Published: 30 March 2009 Abstract: Small magnetic sensors are widely used integrated in vehicles, mobile phones, medical devices, etc for navigation, speed, position and angular sensing. These magnetic sensors are potential candidates for space sector applications in which mass, volume and power savings are important issues. This work covers the magnetic technologies available in the marketplace and the steps towards their implementation in space applications, the actual trend of miniaturization the front-end technologies, and the convergence of the mature and miniaturized magnetic sensor to the space sector through the small satellite concept. Keywords: Miniaturized magnetic sensors, space magnetometers, AMR-Anisotropic MagnetoResistance, magnetic COTS-Components Off-The-Shelf 1. Introduction Curiosity and desire for knowledge about the universe seems to be something inherent in human beings. Since ancient times, the thirst for learning has gone beyond the outer atmosphere and into space. It was however, not until October 4th 1957, with the placement of the first artificial satellite in Earth orbit that man was able to study space in situ. Moving into space implies a constant challenge for technology, not only in terms of the technical requirements for particular devices but also because of the need to adapt technology to the extreme and often hostile environment in space. The upscreening of technology for the extreme conditions in