Spatial Structure and Climatic Adaptation in African Maize Revealed by Surveying SNP Diversity in Relation to Global Breeding and Landrace Panels 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Spatial Structure and Climatic Adaptation in African Maize Revealed by Surveying SNP Diversity in Relation to Global Breeding and Landrace Panels 英文参考文献.doc

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Spatial Structure and Climatic Adaptation in African Maize Revealed by Surveying SNP Diversity in Relation to Global Breeding and Landrace Panels 英文参考文献

SpatialStructureandClimaticAdaptationinAfrican MaizeRevealedbySurveyingSNPDiversityinRelation toGlobalBreedingandLandracePanels OlaT.Westengen1,2,3*,PaulR.Berg3,MatthewP.Kent4,AnneK.Brysting3 1CentreforDevelopmentandtheEnvironment(SUM),UniversityofOslo,Oslo,Norway,2NordicGeneticResourceCentre,Alnarp,Sweden,3DepartmentofBiology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, 4Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Centre for Integrative Genetics(CIGENE),NorwegianUniversityofLifeSciences,Aas,Norway Abstract Background:Climatechangethreatensmaizeproductivityinsub-SaharanAfrica.Toensurefoodsecurity,accesstolocally adaptedgeneticresourcesandvarietiesisanimportantadaptationmeasure.MostofthemaizegrowninAfricaisagenetic mix of varieties introduced at different historic times following the birth of the trans-Atlantic economy, and knowledge aboutgeographicstructureandlocaladaptationsislimited. Methodology:Apanelof48accessionsofmaizerepresentingvariousintroductionroutesandsourcesofhistoricandrecent germplasm introductions in Africa was genotyped with the MaizeSNP50 array. Spatial genetic structure and genetic relationshipsintheAfricanpanelwereanalysedseparatelyandinthecontextofapanelof265inbredlinesrepresenting global breeding material (based on 26,900 SNPs) and a panel of 1127 landraces from the Americas (270 SNPs). EnvironmentalassociationanalysiswasusedtodetectSNPsassociatedwiththreeclimaticvariablesbasedonthefull43,963 SNPdataset. Conclusions:Thegeneticstructureisconsistentbetweensubsetsofthedataandthemarkersarewellsuitedforresolving relationships and admixture among the accessions. The African accessions are structured in three clusters reflecting historical andcurrent patterns of gene flow from theNew World andwithin Africa. The Sahelian cluster reflects original introductions of Meso-American landraces via Europe and a modern introduction of temperate breeding material. The Western cluster reflects introductionof Coas