Substance abuse and pharmacy practice what the community pharmacist needs to know about drug abuse and dependence 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Substance abuse and pharmacy practice what the community pharmacist needs to know about drug abuse and dependence 英文参考文献.doc

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Substance abuse and pharmacy practice what the community pharmacist needs to know about drug abuse and dependence 英文参考文献

Harm Reduction Journal BioMedCentral Review Open Access Substance abuse and pharmacy practice: what the community pharmacist needs to know about drug abuse and dependence Anthony C Tommasello* Address: University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Office of Substance Abuse Studies, USA Email: Anthony C Tommasello* - atommase@ * Corresponding author Published: 20 April 2004 Received: 15 January 2004 Accepted: 20 April 2004 Harm Reduction Journal 2004, 1:3 This article is available from: /content/1/1/3 ? 2004 Tommasello; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the articles original URL. Abstract Pharmacists, the most accessible of health care professionals, are well positioned to help prevent and treat substance use disorders and should prepare themselves to perform these functions. New research improves our knowledge about the pharmacological and behavioral risks of drug abuse, supports the clinical impression that drug dependence is associated with long-lasting neurochemical changes, and demonstrates effective pharmacological treatments for certain kinds of drug dependencies. The profession is evolving. Pharmacists are engaging in new practice behaviors such as helping patients manage their disease states. Collaborative practice agreements and new federal policies set the stage for pharmacists to assist in the clinical management of opioid and other drug dependencies. Pharmacists need to be well informed about issues related to addiction and prepared not only to screen, assess, and refer individual cases and to collaborate with physicians caring for chemically dependent patients, but also to be agents of change in their communities in the fight against drug abuse. At the end of this article the pharmacist will be better able to: 1. Explain the disease co