Substance use among inmates at the Eldoret prison in Western Kenya 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Substance use among inmates at the Eldoret prison in Western Kenya 英文参考文献.doc

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Substance use among inmates at the Eldoret prison in Western Kenya 英文参考文献

KinyanjuiandAtwoliBMCPsychiatry2013,13:53 /1471-244X/13/53 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess SubstanceuseamonginmatesattheEldoret prisoninWesternKenya DanielWCKinyanjui*andLukoyeAtwoli Abstract Background:Criminalactivityandsocialproblemsarerecognizedasimportantoutcomesofsubstanceuseand abuse.LittleresearchhasbeencarriedoutonsubstanceuseamongprisoninmatesinKenya.Generalpopulation surveysthathaveexamineddruguseusuallyomitthis‘hidden’populationwhichmayofferinsightintodrug relatedmorbidityandinvaluablepreventivemeasures.Thisstudyissetouttodeterminethelifetimeprevalence andfactorsassociatedwithsubstanceuse,includingthemostfrequentlyusedsubstances,amonginmatesata governmentprisoninWesternKenya. Methods:Design:Across-sectionaldescriptivestudy,usingtheWHOmodelquestionnaireandanadditionaldruguse andeffectsquestionnaireamongprisonersattheEldoretGovernmentofKenya(GK)prison,Kenya. Setting:StudywascarriedoutattheEldoretG.K.prison,withapopulationof1325(1200malesand125females)inmates. Subjects:Threehundredandninetyfiveprisoners,whogaveconsent,wereselected,consistingof271males(68.6%) selectedbysimplerandomsampling,and124females(31.4%)enrolledconsecutivelyduetotheirsmallnumber.The meanagewas33.3years(18–72,s.d.9.8)whilethemeannumberofyearsofformaleducationwas8.4(0–15,s.d.3.4). Results:Lifetimeprevalenceofsubstanceusewas66.1%,whilethatofalcoholusewas65.1%.Bothweresignificantly associatedwithmalegender,urbanresidenceandhigherlevelofeducation.Thelifetimeprevalenceofcigaretteusewas 32.7%while22.5%admittedtochewingtobacco.Factorssignificantlyassociatedwithtobaccouseweremalegender, urbanresidence,beingunmarried,youngerage,lackofincomeinthepastyear.Theprevalenceofcannabisusewas21%, andthiswasassociatedwithmalegender,urbanresidence,beingunmarried,andbeingastudentinthepastyear.Other substancesusedincludedamphetamines(9.4%),volatileinhalants(9.1%),sedatives(3.8%),tranquillizers(2.3%),cocaine (2.3%),andheroine(1.3%).Userswerecommonlyintroducedtothehabitbyfriends(70.8%),immediatefamilymembers (13