Survey of abuses against injecting drug users in Indonesia 英文参考文献.docVIP

Harm Reduction Journal BioMedCentral Brief report Open Access Survey of abuses against injecting drug users in Indonesia Sara LM Davis*1, Agus Triwahyuono2 and Risa Alexander2 Address: 1Asia Catalyst, PO Box 20839, New York, NY 10009, USA and 2JANGKAR, Jalan Haji Nawi No. 12, RT 01/02, Gandaria, Jakarta 12430, Indonesia Email: Sara LM Davis* - mdavis@; Agus Triwahyuono - sugeng_agus@; Risa Alexander - rfaapf@ * Corresponding author Published: 24 October 2009 Received: 8 June 2009 Accepted: 24 October 2009 Harm Reduction Journal 2009, 6:28 doi:10.1186/1477-7517-6-28 This article is available from: /content/6/1/28 ? 2009 Davis et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract In Indonesia, an ongoing government war on drugs has resulted in numerous arrests and anecdotal reports of abuse in detention, but to date there has been little documentation or analysis of this issue. JANGKAR (also known in English as the Indonesian Harm Reduction Network), a nongovernmental organization (NGO) based in Jakarta, surveyed 1106 injecting drug users in 13 cities about their experiences of police abuse. Of those interviewed, 667 or 60% reported physical abuse by police. These findings indicate the importance of continuing efforts to promote police reform and harm reduction in Indonesia. Background viduals found in possession of narcotics. Those found guilty of trafficking face more than nine years in prison or, in certain circumstances, the death sentence[9]. Those found in possession of even a small amount of narcotics may serve up to nine years in prison, including pre-trial detention periods that can last months. Indonesian laws do not provide guidelines for sente