The vasculature and its role in the damaged and healing tendon 英文参考文献.docVIP

Arthritis Research Vol 4 No 4 Fenwick et al. Review The vasculature and its role in the damaged and healing tendon Steven A Fenwick1, Brian L Hazleman2 and Graham P Riley2 1AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK 2Rheumatology Research Unit, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK Corresponding author: Steven Fenwick (e-mail: Steve.Fenwick@) Received: 22 June 2001 Revisions received: 4 January 2002 Accepted: 17 January 2002 Published: 13 February 2002 Arthritis Res 2002, 4:252-260 ? 2002 BioMed Central Ltd (Print ISSN 1465-9905; Online ISSN 1465-9913) Abstract Tendon pathology has many manifestations, from spontaneous rupture to chronic tendinitis or tendinosis; the etiology and pathology of each are very different, and poorly understood. Tendon is a comparatively poorly vascularised tissue that relies heavily upon synovial fluid diffusion to provide nutrition. During tendon injury, as with damage to any tissue, there is a requirement for cell infiltration from the blood system to provide the necessary reparative factors for tissue healing. We describe in this review the response of the vasculature to tendon damage in a number of forms, and how and when the revascularisation or neovascularisation process occurs. We also include a section on the revascularisation of tendon during its use as a tendon graft in both ligament reconstruction and tendon–tendon grafting. Keywords: tendinopathy, tendon grafts, tendon repair, tendon rupture, tendon vascularisation Introduction gen bundles [20]. Contradictory to this, however, would appear to be the finding that in many cases of chronic tendinopathy that have been examined histologically, there is an ‘angiofibroblastic’ response, and the presence of many large blood vessels [21–23]. The presence of blood vessels was not considered to be an indication of tissue repair [22]. What then is the role of a proliferative vasc