Tiny but complex - interactive 3D visualization of the interstitial acochlidian gastropod Pseudunela cornuta (Challis, 1970) 英文参考文献.docVIP

Frontiers in Zoology BioMedCentral Research Open Access Tiny but complex - interactive 3D visualization of the interstitial acochlidian gastropod Pseudunela cornuta (Challis, 1970) Timea P Neusser*1,2, Martin He?2 and Michael Schr?dl1,2 Address: 1Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, Germany and 2Department Biology I, Ludwig- Maximilians-Universit?t München, Grosshadernerstr. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany Email: Timea P Neusser* - timea-neusser@gmx.de; Martin He? - hess@bio.lmu.de; Michael Schr?dl - Michael.Schroedl@zsm.mwn.de * Corresponding author Published: 11 September 2009 Received: 12 March 2009 Accepted: 11 September 2009 Frontiers in Zoology 2009, 6:20 doi:10.1186/1742-9994-6-20 This article is available from: /content/6/1/20 ? 2009 Neusser et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Mesopsammic acochlidians are small, and organ complexity may be strongly reduced (regressive evolution by progenesis), especially in microhedylacean species. The marine interstitial hedylopsacean Pseudunela cornuta (Challis, 1970), however, was suggested as having a complex reproductive system resembling that of much larger, limnic and benthic species. The present study aims to reconstruct the detailed anatomy and true complexity of P. cornuta from serial, semithin histological sections by using modern computer-based 3D visualization with Amira software, and to explain it in an evolutionary context. Results: Our results demonstrate considerable discordance with the original species description, which was based solely on paraffin sections. Here, we show that the nervous system of P. cornuta has paired rhinophoral, optic