Topological Invariance under Line Graph Transformations 英文参考文献.docVIP

Symmetry 2012, 4, 329-335; doi:10.3390/sym4020329 OPEN ACCESS symmetry ISSN 2073-8994 /journal/symmetry Article Topological Invariance under Line Graph Transformations Allen D. Parks Electromagnetic and Sensor Systems Department, Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division, 18444 Frontage Road Suite 327, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5161, USA; E-Mail: allen.parks@ Received: 6 April 2012; in revised form: 1 June 2012 / Accepted: 4 June 2012 / Published: 8 June 2012 Abstract: It is shown that the line graph transformation G L(G) of a graph G preserves an isomorphic copy of G as the nerve of a finite simplicial complex K which is naturally associated with the Krausz decomposition of L(G). As a consequence, the homology of K is isomorphic to that of G. This homology invariance algebraically confirms several well known graph theoretic properties of line graphs and formally establishes the Euler characteristic of G as a line graph transformation invariant. Keywords: algebraic graph theory; line graph; Krausz decomposition; homology; graph invariant; Euler characteristic 1. Introduction Because of its intrinsic interest, the line graph transformation G L(G) of a graph G has been widely studied. The impetus for much of this research was provided by Ore’s discussion of line graphs and problems associated with them [1]. Line graphs are also interesting from a practical standpoint, since it has been shown that certain NP-complete problems for graphs are polynomial time problems for line graphs, e.g., [2]. Because of their utility for recognizing non-isomorphic graphs, graph invariants have also been the object of intensive research, e.g., [3]. In this paper, a new topological invariance associated with the line graph transformation is found using the natural relationship between a Krausz decomposition of L(G) and an abstract simplicial complex K. In particular, it is shown that, under the l