Towards Adaptive Governance of Common-Pool Mountainous Agropastoral Systems 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sustainability 2010, 2, 1448-1471; doi:10.3390/su2061448 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 /journal/sustainability Article Towards Adaptive Governance of Common-Pool Mountainous Agropastoral Systems Johann Baumg?rtner 1,2,*, Getachew Tikubet 3 and Gianni Gilioli 2,4 1 Dipartimento di Protezione di Sistemi Urbani Agroalimentari e Valorizzazione delle Biodiversità, Università degli Studi di Milano,Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy 2 Centre for the Analysis of Sustainable Agricultural Systems (CASAS), Arlington Avenue 37, Kensington, CA 94707, USA 3 Yeha Natural Resource Management Institute for Eastern Africa, P.O. Box 3893, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; E-Mail: bea@ethionet.et 4 Dipartimento di Gestione dei Sistemi Agrari e Forestali (GESAF), Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 89122 Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy; E-Mail: gianni.gilioli@tin.it * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: johann.baumgartner@unimi.it; Tel.: +39-02-503-16757; Fax: +39-02-503-16748. Received: 18 March 2010; in revised form: 27 April 2010 / Accepted: 11 May 2010 / Published: 26 May 2010 Abstract: The paper deals with analyses and propositions for adaptive governance of an alpine (A) and an Ethiopian (B) agropastoral system with common-pool pastures. Sustainability can be enhanced by augmenting (i) the ecological and social capitals in relation to costs and (ii) the resilience or adaptive capacity. In (A), a multifunctional agriculture appears to maintain the ecological capital providing many ecosystem services. In (B), the ecological capital can be increased by reversing the trend towards land degradation. In (A), there are several opportunities for reducing the high costs of the social capital. In (B), the institutions should be revised and rules should restrain competitive behavior. (A) and (B) exhibit a high degree of transformability. Many drivers appear to be responsib