Transcriptome analysis of bitter acid biosynthesis and precursor pathways in hop (Humulus lupulus) 英文参考文献.docVIP
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Transcriptome analysis of bitter acid biosynthesis and precursor pathways in hop (Humulus lupulus) 英文参考文献
Clarketal.BMCPlantBiology2013,13:12
/1471-2229/13/12
RESEARCH ARTICLE
OpenAccess
Transcriptomeanalysisofbitteracidbiosynthesis
andprecursorpathwaysinhop(Humuluslupulus)
ShawnMClark1,VinidhraVaitheeswaran1,StephenJAmbrose1,RandyWPurves1andJonathanEPage1,2*
Abstract
Background:Bitteracids(e.g.humulone)areprenylatedpolyketidessynthesizedinlupulinglandsofthehopplant
(Humuluslupulus)whichareimportantcontributorstothebitterflavourandstabilityofbeer.Bitteracidsareformed
fromacyl-CoAprecursorsderivedfrombranched-chainaminoacid(BCAA)degradationandC5prenyldiphosphates
fromthemethyl-D-erythritol4-phosphate(MEP)pathway.WeusedRNAsequencing(RNA-seq)toobtainthe
transcriptomesofisolatedlupulinglands,coneswithglandsremovedandleavesfromhighα-acidhopcultivars,
andanalyzedthesedatasetsforgenesinvolvedinbitteracidbiosynthesisincludingthesupplyofmajorprecursors.
WealsomeasuredthelevelsofBCAAs,acyl-CoAintermediates,andbitteracidsinglands,conesandleaves.
Results:TranscriptsencodingalltheenzymesofBCAAmetabolismweresignificantlymoreabundantinlupulin
glands,indicatingthatBCAAbiosynthesisandsubsequentdegradationoccursinthesespecializedcells.
Branched-chainacyl-CoAsandbitteracidswerepresentathigherlevelsinglandscomparedwithleavesandcones.
RNA-seqanalysisshowedthegland-specificexpressionoftheMEPpathway,enzymesofsucrosedegradationand
severaltranscriptionfactorsthatmayregulatebitteracidbiosynthesisinglands.Twobranched-chain
aminotransferase(BCAT)enzymes,HlBCAT1andHlBCAT2,wereabundant,withgeneexpressionquantificationby
RNA-seqandqRT-PCRindicatingthatHlBCAT1wasspecifictoglandswhileHlBCAT2waspresentinglands,cones
andleaves.RecombinantHlBCAT1andHlBCAT2catalyzedforward(biosynthetic)andreverse(catabolic)reactions
withsimilarkineticparameters.HlBCAT1istargetedtomitochondriawhereitlikelyplaysaroleinBCAAcatabolism.
HlBCAT2isaplastidialenzymelikelyinvolvedinBCAAbiosynthesis.PhylogeneticanalysisofthehopBCATsand
thosefromotherplantsshowedthattheygroupintodistinctbiosynthetic(plastidial)andcatabolic(mitocho
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