Transparency in Nigerias public pharmaceutical sector perceptions from policy makers 英文参考文献.docVIP

Globalization and Health BioMedCentral Research Open Access Transparency in Nigerias public pharmaceutical sector: perceptions from policy makers Habibat A Garuba?, Jillian C Kohler*? and Anna M Huisman Address: Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Email: Habibat A Garuba - habibat.garuba@utoronto.ca; Jillian C Kohler* - jillian.kohler@utoronto.ca; Anna M Huisman - anna.huisman@utoronto.ca * Corresponding author ?Equal contributors Published: 29 October 2009 Received: 30 March 2009 Accepted: 29 October 2009 Globalization and Health 2009, 5:14 doi:10.1186/1744-8603-5-14 This article is available from: /content/5/1/14 ? 2009 Garuba et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Pharmaceuticals are an integral component of health care systems worldwide, thus, regulatory weaknesses in governance of the pharmaceutical system negatively impact health outcomes especially in developing countries [1]. Nigeria is one of a number of countries whose pharmaceutical system has been impacted by corruption and has struggled to curtail the production and trafficking of substandard drugs. In 2001, the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) underwent an organizational restructuring resulting in reforms to reduce counterfeit drugs and better regulate pharmaceuticals [2]. Despite these changes, there is still room for improvement. This study assessed the perceived level of transparency and potential vulnerability to corruption that exists in four essential areas of Nigerias pharmaceutical sector: registration, procurement, inspection (divided into i