Typology and the Holocaust Erich Auerbach and Judeo-Christian Europe 英文参考文献.docVIP

Religions 2012, 3, 600–645; doi:10.3390/rel3030600 OPEN ACCESS religions ISSN 2077-1444 /journal/religions Article Typology and the Holocaust: Erich Auerbach and Judeo-Christian Europe Malachi Haim Hacohen History Department, Duke University, Box 90719, Durham, NC 27708, USA; E-Mail: mhacohen@ Received: 25 May 2012; in revised form: 7 July 2012 / Accepted: 11 July 2012 / Published: 17 July 2012 Abstract: In response to Nazi exclusion of the Jews from German society on racial grounds, Erich Auerbach (1892–1957), a secular Jewish intellectual inspired by cultural Protestantism and Catholicism, formed a vision of a cosmopolitan Judeo-Christian civilization that reintegrated the Jews as biblical founders and cultural mediators. But the integration expunged any mark of traditional Jewishness. Focusing on Christian figurative thinking (typology), Auerbach viewed the binding of Isaac through the crucifixion, and contemporary Jews as civilization‘s (unwilling and undeserving) martyrs. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, his cosmopolitanism reached a crisis, reflected in his postwar vision of Western decline. The progressive mandarin who had begun his intellectual life elevating Dante‘s care for everyday life and sympathizing with French realist social critique ended endorsing Hugh of St. Victor‘s alienation from reality and Pascal‘s acquiescence in totalitarian rule. Keywords: Auerbach; émigrés; cosmopolitanism; Judeo-Christian; typology; Holocaust; figura; Akedah; Mimesis; everydayness 1. Introduction Among the Jewish émigrés who sought sanctuary in World War II on the outskirts of the old continent, in Istanbul University, was literary historian and philologist Erich Auerbach (1892–1957), author of the monumental Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature (1946) [1,2]. In 1947 he immigrated to the U.S. and sent Mimesis to an admired German author, Thomas M