Ultramicroelectrode Array Based Sensors A Promising Analytical Tool for Environmental Monitoring 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2010, 10, 475-490; doi:10.3390/s100100475 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Ultramicroelectrode Array Based Sensors: A Promising Analytical Tool for Environmental Monitoring Jahir Orozco #, César Fernández-Sánchez and Cecilia Jiménez-Jorquera * Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails: cesar.fernandez@imb-cnm.csic.es # Present adress: Observatoire Oceanologique, Laboratoire Arago, Avenue du Fontaulé, BP 44, 66651 Banyuls Sur Mer, France; E-Mail: jahir.orozco@obs-banyuls.fr. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: cecilia.jimenez@imb-cnm.csic.es; Tel.: +34-935-947-700; Fax: +34-935-801-496. Received: 4 December 2009; in revised form: 16 December 2009 / Accepted: 24 December 2009 / Published: 7 January 2010 Abstract: The particular analytical performance of ultramicroelectrode arrays (UMEAs) has attracted a high interest by the research community and has led to the development of a variety of electroanalytical applications. UMEA-based approaches have demonstrated to be powerful, simple, rapid and cost-effective analytical tools for environmental analysis compared to available conventional electrodes and standardised analytical techniques. An overview of the fabrication processes of UMEAs, their characterization and applications carried out by the Spanish scientific community is presented. A brief explanation of theoretical aspects that highlight their electrochemical behavior is also given. Finally, the applications of this transducer platform in the environmental field are discussed. Keywords: ultramicroelectrode array; microsensor; analytical tool; environmental monitoring 1. Introduction In the 1970s the discovery, although non elucidation, of the unusual properties of ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) opened new possibilities of analyzing electrode pr