第15章垄断技巧.ppt

针对垄断的公共政策 管制 管制垄断者的行为 价格 在自然垄断的情况下很常见 边际成本定价 可能会小于 ATC 没有减少成本的激励 ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. * 图 10 * ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 自然垄断的边际成本定价 价格 由于自然垄断下的平均总成本递减，边际成本小于平均总成本。因此，如果管制者要求自然垄断者收取等于边际成本的价格，价格将低于平均总成本，而且，垄断者将亏损。 Quantity 0 Average total cost Loss Average total cost Demand Marginal cost Regulated 价格 针对垄断的公共政策 公有制 企业的所有权如何影响生产成本 私人业主 最小化成本的激励 公共业主(政府) 若确实做得不好 损失者是顾客和纳税人 ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. * 表 2 * ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 竞争与垄断: 总结性比较 为什么会产生垄断 政府 有时可以优化市场产出 垄断 一种没有相近替代品的产品的唯一卖者的企业 价格制定者 导致: 进入壁垒 ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. * 为什么会产生垄断 进入壁垒 垄断企业是市场中唯一卖者 因为其他企业无法进入市场并与其竞争 垄断资源 垄断管制 生产流程 ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a pass