Difference between the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in non-diabetic smokers and in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without nicotine dependence.docVIP

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Difference between the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in non-diabetic smokers and in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without nicotine dependence.doc

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Osmeetal.DiabetologyMetabolicSyndrome2012,4:39 /content/4/1/39 DIABETOLOGY METABOLIC SYNDROME RESEARCH OpenAccess Differencebetweentheprevalenceofsymptoms ofdepressionandanxietyinnon-diabetic smokersandinpatientswithtype2diabetes withandwithoutnicotinedependence SimoneFrancoOsme1*,LudmillaDell’IsolaPelegriniMeloFerreira2,MarianaTanusJorge2, JulianadeSouzaAndréo3,MariaLuizaMendon?aPereiraJorge4,RogériodeMeloCostaPinto5, MiguelTanúsJorge5andPauloTannúsJorge5 Abstract Background:Individualswithdiabeteswhoaresmokershavehigherrisksofcardiovasculardisease,premature death,andmicrovascularcomplications.Thepresentstudyaimstodeterminetheprevalenceofsymptomsof depressionandanxietyinsmokerswithtype2diabetesmellitus(T2D)andtoevaluateiftheprevalenceof symptomsofdepressionandanxietydifferbetweenthethreegroupsstudied(patientswithT2Dwhosmoke; patientswithT2Dwhodonotsmoke;smokerswithoutT2D),andfinallydetermineifthedegreeofnicotine dependenceisrelatedtosymptomsofanxietyanddepressioninsmokers(withorwithoutT2D). Methods:Threestudygroupswereformed:46T2Dsmokers(DS),46T2Dnon-smokers(D),and46smokerswithout diabetes(S),totaling138participants.HospitalAnxietyandDepression(HAD)scaleandFagerstr?mTestwere applied. Results:TheprevalenceofsymptomsofdepressionandanxietyinsmokerswithT2Dwas30.4%and50%, respectively.Therewasnosignificantdifferenceintheproportionofindividualswithsymptomsofanxiety (p=0.072)ordepression(p=0.657)intheDSgroupcomparedtogroupDorS.AmongmalepatientswithT2D, thesmokershadahigherprevalenceofanxietysymptoms(19.6%)thannon-smokers(4,3%)(p=0,025).The prevalenceofhighnicotinedependenceamongsmokerswithandwithoutT2Dwas39.1%and37.1%,respectively (p=0.999).Fagerstr?mscoresshowednosignificantcorrelationwiththescoresobtainedonthesubscaleofanxiety (p=0,735)ordepression(p=0,364). Conclusions:Theprevalenceofdepressionandanxietyamongsmokerswithandwithoutdiabetesand non-smokersT2Dissimilar.AmongmaleindividualswithT2D,thesmokershavemoresymptomsofanxietythan thenon-smokers.Thereisnodifference