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Do host species evolve a specific response to slave-making ants.doc

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Do host species evolve a specific response to slave-making ants

Delattreetal.FrontiersinZoology2012,9:38 /content/9/1/38 RESEARCH OpenAccess Dohostspeciesevolveaspecificresponseto slave-makingants? OlivierDelattre1*,Rumsa?sBlatrix2,NicolasChaline1,3,StéphaneChameron1,AnneFédou1,ChloéLeroy1 andPierreJaisson1 Abstract Background:Socialparasitismisanimportantselectivepressureforsocialinsectspecies.Itisparticularlythecase forthehostsofdulotic(socalledslave-making)ants,whichpillagethebroodofhostcoloniestoincreasethe workerforceoftheirowncolony.Suchraidscanhaveanimportantimpactonthefitnessofthehostnest.Anarms racewhichcanleadtogeographicvariationinhostdefensesisthusexpectedbetweenhostsandparasites.Inthis studywetestedwhetherthepresenceofasocialparasite(theduloticantMyrmoxenusravouxi)withinanant communitycorrelatedwithaspecificbehavioraldefensestrategyoflocalhostornon-hostpopulationsof Temnothoraxants.Socialrecognitionoftenleadstomoreorlesspronouncedagonisticinteractionsbetween non-nestmatesants.Here,wemonitoredagonisticbehaviorstoassesswhetherantsdiscriminatesocialparasites fromotherants.Itisnowwell-knownthatantsessentiallyrelyoncuticularhydrocarbonstodiscriminatenestmates fromaliens.Ifhostspecieshaveevolvedaspecificrecognitionmechanismfortheirparasite,wehypothesizethat thedifferencesinbehavioralresponseswouldnotbefullyexplainedsimplybyquantitativedissimilarityincuticular hydrocarbonprofiles,butshouldalsoinvolveaqualitativeresponseduetothedetectionofparticularcompounds. Wescaledthebehavioralresultsaccordingtothequantitativechemicaldistancebetweenhostandparasite coloniestotestthishypothesis. Results:Cuticularhydrocarbonprofilesweredistinctbetweenspecies,buthostspeciesdidnotshowaclearly higheraggressionratetowardstheparasitethantowardnon-parasiteintruders,unlessthedegreeofresponsewas scaledbythechemicaldistancebetweenintrudersandrecipientcolonies.Bydoingso,weshowthatworkersof thehostandofanon-hostspeciesintheparasitizedsitedisplayedmoreagonisticbehaviors(bitesandejections) towardsparasitethantowardnon-parasiteintruders. Conclusions:We