Does long-term coffee intake reduce type 2 diabetes mellitus risk.docVIP

Diabetology Metabolic Syndrome BioMedCentral Review Open Access Does long-term coffee intake reduce type 2 diabetes mellitus risk? Gustavo D Pimentel*1, Juliane CS Zemdegs1, Joyce A Theodoro2 and Jo?o F Mota1 Address: 1Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil and 2Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Health Sciences Institute, Campinas, Brazil Email: Gustavo D Pimentel* - gupimentel@.br; Juliane CS Zemdegs - jzemdegs@unifesp.br; Joyce A Theodoro - jfmota@unifesp.br; Jo?o F Mota - jfmota@unifesp.br * Corresponding author Published: 16 September 2009 Received: 23 February 2009 Accepted: 16 September 2009 Diabetology Metabolic Syndrome 2009, 1:6 doi:10.1186/1758-5996-1-6 This article is available from: /content/1/1/6 ? 2009 Pimentel et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract This review reports the evidence for a relation between long-term coffee intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Numerous epidemiological studies have evaluated this association and, at this moment, at least fourteen out of eighteen cohort studies revealed a substantially lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus with frequent coffee intake. Moderate coffee intake (≥4 cups of coffee/d of 150 mL or ≥400 mg of caffeine/d) has generally been associated with a decrease in the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Besides, results of most studies suggest a dose-response relation, with greater reductions in type 2 diabetes mellitus risk with higher levels of coffee consumption. Several mechanisms underlying this protective effect, as well as the coffee components responsible for this association are suggested. Despite positive fi