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Evolution of Sustainability in American Forest Resource Management Planning in the Context of the American Forest Management Textbook.doc

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Evolution of Sustainability in American Forest Resource Management Planning in the Context of the American Forest Management Textbook

Sustainability 2009, 1, 838-854; doi:10.3390/su1040838 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 /journal/sustainability Article Evolution of Sustainability in American Forest Resource Management Planning in the Context of the American Forest Management Textbook Thomas J. Straka Clemson University, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Box 340317, SC 29634-0317, USA; E-Mail: tstraka@; Tel.: +1-864-656-4827; Fax: +1-864-656-3304 Received: 14 September 2009 / Accepted: 14 October 2009 / Published: 22 October 2009 Abstract: American forest resource management and planning goes back to the European roots of American Forestry. Timber management plans, documents based on forest regulation for timber production, were the foundation of American forestry. These types of management plans predominated until World War II. Multiple use forestry developed after World War II and issues like recreation, wildlife, water quality, and wilderness became more important. In the 1970‘s harvest scheduling became part of the planning process, allowing for optimization of multiple goals. By 2001 social, environmental, and economic goals were integrated into the timber production process. American forestry experienced distinct historical periods of resource planning, ranging from classic sustained yield timber production, to multiple use-sustained yield, to sustainable human-forest systems. This article traces the historical changes in forest management planning philosophy using the forest management textbooks of the time. These textbooks provide insight into the thought process of the forestry profession as changes in the concept of sustainability occurred. Keywords: land use; forest sustainability; sustained yield; sustainable forest management 1. Introduction Sustainability has always been part of American forest management, but the definition of sustainability and what was being sustained have changed