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Examining Spatiotemporal Urbanization Patterns in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal Remote Sensing and Spatial Metrics Approaches.doc

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Examining Spatiotemporal Urbanization Patterns in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal Remote Sensing and Spatial Metrics Approaches

Remote Sens. 2009, 1, 534-556; doi:10.3390/rs1030534 OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Article Examining Spatiotemporal Urbanization Patterns in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Remote Sensing and Spatial Metrics Approaches Rajesh Bahadur Thapa 1,* and Yuji Murayama 2 1 Division of Spatial Information Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba / 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan 2 Division of Spatial Information Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba / 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; E-Mail: mura1@sakura.cc.tsukuba.ac.jp * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: thaparb@; Tel.: +81-29-853-5694; Fax: +81-29-853-4211. Received: 29 July 2009; in revised form: 26 August 2009 / Accepted: 28 August 2009 / Published: 3 September 2009 Abstract: This paper examines the spatiotemporal pattern of urbanization in Kathmandu Valley using remote sensing and spatial metrics techniques. The study is based on 33-years of time series data compiled from satellite images. Along with new developments within the city fringes and rural villages in the valley, shifts in the natural environment and newly developed socioeconomic strains between residents are emerging. A highly dynamic spatial pattern of urbanization is observed in the valley. Urban built-up areas had a slow trend of growth in the 1960s and 1970s but have grown rapidly since the 1980s. The urbanization process has developed fragmented and heterogeneous land use combinations in the valley. However, the refill type of development process in the city core and immediate fringe areas has shown a decreasing trend in the neighborhood distances between land use patches, and an increasing trend towards physical connectedness, which indicates a higher probability of homogenous landscape development in the upcoming decades. Keywords: