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Exogenous glucosamine globally protects chondrocytes from the arthritogenic effects of IL-1β.doc

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Exogenous glucosamine globally protects chondrocytes from the arthritogenic effects of IL-1β

Available online /content/8/6/R173 Research article Open Access Vol 8 No 6 Exogenous glucosamine globally protects chondrocytes from the arthritogenic effects of IL-1β Jean-No?l Gouze1, Elvire Gouze1, Mick P Popp2, Marsha L Bush1, Emil A Dacanay1, Jesse D Kay1, Padraic P Levings1, Kunal R Patel1, Jeet-Paul S Saran1, Rachael S Watson1 and Steven C Ghivizzani1 1Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Gene Therapy Laboratory, University of Florida, College of Medicine, PO Box 100137, Gainesville, FL 32610-0137, USA 2Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0137, USA Corresponding author: Jean-No?l Gouze, gouzej@ Received: 27 May 2006 Revisions requested: 28 Jun 2006 Revisions received: 19 Sep 2006 Accepted: 16 Nov 2006 Published: 16 Nov 2006 Arthritis Research Therapy 2006, 8:R173 (doi:10.1186/ar2082) This article is online at: /content/8/6/R173 ? 2006 Gouze et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract The effects of exogenous glucosamine on the biology of articular the response in 2,055 (~73%). Glucosamine fully protected the chondrocytes from IL-1-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors as well as proteins involved in prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide synthesis. It also chondrocytes were determined by examining global transcription patterns under normal culture conditions and following challenge with IL-1β. Chondrocytes isolated from the cartilage of rats were cultured in several flasks either alone or in the presence of 20 mM glucosamine. Six hours later, one-half of the cultures of each group were challenged with 10 ng/ml IL-1β. Fourteen hours after this challenge, RNA was extracted fr