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Exposure to flame retardant chemicals on commercial airplanes.doc

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Exposure to flame retardant chemicals on commercial airplanes

Exposuretoflameretardantchemicalson commercialairplanes Allenetal. Allenetal.EnvironmentalHealth2013,12:17 /content/12/1/17 Allenetal.EnvironmentalHealth2013,12:17 /content/12/1/17 RESEARCH OpenAccess Exposuretoflameretardantchemicalson commercialairplanes JosephGAllen1*,HeatherMStapleton2,JoseVallarino1,EileenMcNeely1,MichaelDMcClean3,StuartJHarrad4, CassandraBRauert4andJohnDSpengler1 Abstract Background:Flameretardantchemicalsareusedinmaterialsonairplanestoslowthepropagationoffire.These chemicalsmigratefromtheirsourceproductsandcanbefoundinthedustofairplanes,creatingthepotentialfor exposure. Methods:Tocharacterizeexposuretoflameretardantchemicalsinairplanedust,wecollecteddustsamplesfrom locationsinside19commercialairplanesparkedovernightatairportgates.Inaddition,hand-wipesampleswere alsocollectedfrom9flightattendantsand1passengerwhohadjusttakenacross-country(USA)flight.The sampleswereanalyzedforasuiteofflameretardantchemicals.Toidentifythepossiblesourcesforthebrominated flameretardants,weusedaportableXRFanalyzertoquantifybromineconcentrationsinmaterialsinsidethe airplanes. Results:Awiderangeofflameretardantcompoundsweredetectedin100%ofthedustsamplescollectedfrom airplanes,includingBDEs47,99,153,183and209,tris(1,3-dichloro-isopropyl)phosphate(TDCPP), hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD)andbis-(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromo-phthalate(TBPH).Airplanedustcontained elevatedconcentrationsofBDE209(GM:500ug/g;range:2,600ug/g)relativetootherindoorenvironments,such asresidentialandcommercialbuildings,andthehandsofparticipantsafteracross-countryflightcontained elevatedBDE209concentrationsrelativetothegeneralpopulation.TDCPP,aknowncarcinogenthatwasremoved fromuseinchildren’spajamasinthe1970’salthoughstillusedtodayinotherconsumerproducts,wasdetectedon 100%ofairplanesinconcentrationssimilartothosefoundinresidentialandcommerciallocations. Conclusion:Thisstudyaddstothelimitedbodyofknowledgeregardingexposuretoflameretardantson commercialaircraft,anenvironmentlonghypothesizedtobeatriskformaxi