Expression of flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase is controlled by P1, the regulator of 3-deoxyflavonoid biosynthesis in maize.docVIP

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Expression of flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase is controlled by P1, the regulator of 3-deoxyflavonoid biosynthesis in maize.doc

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Expression of flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase is controlled by P1, the regulator of 3-deoxyflavonoid biosynthesis in maize

Sharmaetal.BMCPlantBiology2012,12:196 /1471-2229/12/196 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess Expressionofflavonoid3’-hydroxylase iscontrolledbyP1,theregulatorof 3-deoxyflavonoidbiosynthesisinmaize MandeepSharma1,ChenglinChai2,KengoMorohashi2,ErichGrotewold2,MauriceESnook3andSurinderChopra1* Abstract Background:Themaize(Zeamays)redaleurone1(pr1)encodesaCYP450-dependentflavonoid3’-hydroxylase (ZmF3’H1)requiredforthebiosynthesisofpurpleandredanthocyaninpigments.Wepreviouslyshowedthat Zmf3’h1isregulatedbyC1(Colorless1)andR1(Red1)transcriptionfactors.Thecurrentstudydemonstratesthat, inadditiontoitsroleinanthocyaninbiosynthesis,theZmf3’h1genealsoparticipatesinthebiosynthesisof 3-deoxyflavonoidsandphlobaphenesthataccumulateinmaizepericarps,cobglumes,andsilks.Biosynthesisof 3-deoxyflavonoidsisregulatedbyP1(Pericarpcolor1)andisindependentfromtheactionofC1andR1 transcriptionfactors. Results:Inmaize,apiforolandluteoforolaretheprecursorsofcondensedphlobaphenes.Maizelineswith functionalallelesofpr1andp1(Pr1;P1)accumulateluteoforol,whilenullpr1lineswithafunctional ornon-functionalp1allele(pr1;P1orpr1;p1)accumulateapiforol.Apiforollacksahydroxylgroupatthe3’-position oftheflavyliumB-ring,whileluteoforolhasthishydroxylgroup.Ourbiochemicalanalysisofaccumulated compoundsindifferentpr1genotypesshowedthatthepr1encodedZmF3’H1hasaroleintheconversionof mono-hydroxylatedtobi-hydroxylatedcompoundsintheB-ring.SteadystateRNAanalysesdemonstratedthat Zmf3’h1mRNAaccumulationrequiresafunctionalp1allele.UsingacombinationofEMSAandChIPexperiments, weestablishedthattheZmf3’h1geneisadirecttargetofP1.HighlightingthesignificanceoftheZmf3’h1genefor resistanceagainstbioticstress,wealsoshowherethatthep1controlled3-deoxyanthocyanidinandC-glycosyl flavone(maysin)defencecompoundsaccumulateatsignificantlyhigherlevelsinPr1silksascomparedtopr1silks. ByvirtueofincreasedmaysinsynthesisinPr1plants,cornearwormlarvaefedonPr1;P1silksshowedslower growthascomparedtopr1;P1silks. Conclusions:OurresultsshowthattheZmf3’h1geneparti