台湾清华大学生命科学第十三讲(焦传金教授).pptxVIP

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division • The ability of organisms to reproduce best distinguishes living things from nonliving matter • The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells, or cell division Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings • In unicellular organisms, division of one cell reproduces the entire organism • Multicellular organisms depend on cell division for: – Development from a fertilized cell – Growth – Repair • Cell division is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cell from formation to its own division Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 12-2 100 µm 200 µm 20 µm (a) Reproduction (b) Growth and development (c) Tissue renewal The functions of cell division Concept 12.1: Cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells • Most cell division results in daughter cells with identical genetic information, DNA • A special type of division produces nonidentical daughter cells (gametes, or sperm and egg cells) Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Cellular Organization of the Genetic Material • All the DNA in a cell constitutes the cell’s genome • A genome can consist of a single DNA molecule (common in prokaryotic cells) or a number of DNA molecules (common in eukaryotic cells) • DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into chromosomes Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 12-3 Eukaryotic chromosomes 20 µm • Every eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus • Somatic cells (nonreproductive cells) ha