大学分子生物学经典双语课件chapter_5_transcription.pptVIP

esterification [e?sterifikei??n] n. 酯化作用 Splicing occurs in two stages. First the 5 exon is cleaved off; then it is joined to the 3 exon Nuclear splicing occurs by two trans-esterification reactions in which an OH group attacks a phosphodiester bond 过程 Splicing requires the 5’ and 3’ splice sites and a branch site just upstream of the 3 splice site The branch site is a short sequence just before the end of an intron at which the lariat intermediate is formed in splicing by joining the 5’ nucleotide of the intron to the 2’ position of an Adenosine A lariat is formed when the intron is cleaved at the 5 splice site, and the 5 end is joined to a 2 position at an A at the branch site in the intron. The intron is released as a lariat when it is cleaved at the 3 splice site, and the left and right exons are then ligated together. A transesterification reaction breaks and makes chemical bonds in a coordinated transfer so that no energy is required. Here is a paradox. Probably all 5 splice sites look similar to the splicing apparatus, and all 3 splice sites look similar to it. In principle any 5 splice site may be able to react with any 3 splice site. But in the usual circumstances splicing occurs only between the 5 and 3 sites of the same intron. What rules ensure that recognition of splice sites is restricted so that only the 5 and 3 sites of the same intron are spliced? tropomyosin [tr?p?umai?sin] n. [生]原肌球蛋白; Trypanosomes锥虫 trypanosome [‘trip?n?s?um] n. 锥虫 同样的情况也发生在人肝细胞中未编辑的mRNA产生5.12×105的载脂蛋白B100，而在肠细胞中则经编辑产生了截短载脂蛋白B48，相对分子质量仅2.41×105。 ribozyme [raib??zaim] n. 核酶 首先以游离的鸟嘌呤核苷酸分子3’ 端羟基，亲核攻击内含子5’端与外显子1间的磷酸二酯键，这是第一步转酯反应；然后外显子1的3’-OH攻击内含子和外显子2间的磷酸二酯键，这是第二步转酯反应，两个外显子连接；内含子以线性形式释放，并发生环化反应。 Ⅰ类内含子存在于低等真核生物、真菌线粒体和细菌中。 Ⅱ类内含子在一些叶绿体、线粒体等细胞器编码的基因上被发现。 Ⅱ类内含子有边界序列5’-GU和3’-AG，靠近3’端有分支点序列5’-PyNCUPuAPy-3’（Pu-嘌呤，Py-嘧啶，N-任意碱基）。Ⅱ类内含子剪接首先由分支点序列的A上2’-OH对内含子5’端和外显子1间的磷酸二酯键发起亲核攻击，释放外显子1；接着外显子1的3’-OH攻击内含子和外显子2间的磷酸二酯键，两个外显子连接在一起，同时内含子以索套形式释放 在前体tRNA加工中，RNAase P负责加工前体分子直接形成成