大学语言学lecture ponology.pptVIP

* [consonantal] can distinguish between consonants and vowels, so all consonants are [+consonantal] and all vowels [–consonantal]. [sonorant 响音] distinguishes between what we call obstruents (阻塞音：含塞音、擦音、塞擦音 stops, fricatives and affricates) and sonorants (all other consonants and vowels), with obstruents being [–sonorant] and others [+sonorant]. [nasal] and [voiced] of course distinguish nasal (including nasalized) sounds and voiced sounds respectively. [consonantal] can distinguish between consonants and vowels, so all consonants are [+consonantal] and all vowels [–consonantal]. [sonorant 响音] distinguishes between what we call obstruents (阻塞音：含塞音、擦音、塞擦音 stops, fricatives and affricates) and sonorants (all other consonants and vowels), with obstruents being [–sonorant] and others [+sonorant]. [nasal] and [voiced] of course distinguish nasal (including nasalized) sounds and voiced sounds respectively: Nasal sounds are marked as [+ nasal], and non-nasal sounds as [-nasal] Voiced sounds are [+voiced], and non-voiced sounds as [-voiced] In contemporary phonology, some twenty features are used to group speech sounds from different angles: A useful feature for consonants not found here is [±spread] (for ‘spread glottis’), which distinguishes between ‘aspirated’ and ‘unaspirated’ voiceless obstruents. Aspirated sounds are [+spread] and unaspirated sounds are [–spread]. 4. Suprasegmentals Suprasegmental features are those aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments. The principal suprasegmentals are: 4.1 Syllables In English, a word may be: MONOSYLLABIC (with one syllable, like cat and dog) POLYSYLLABIC (with more than one syllable, like transplant or festival Syllable Structure n s ? k s A syllable can be divided into 2 parts, the onset节首 the rhyme韵基. As the vowel within the rhyme is the nucleus节核/peak，the consonants after it will be termed the coda节尾 All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda. A syl