链接版第1章真值表、逻辑和证明.docVIP

CHAPTER 1 　 TRUTH TABLES, LOGIC, AND PROOFS Glossary statement, proposition：命题 logical connective：命题联结词 compound statement：复合命题 propositional variable：命题变元 negation：否定(式) truth table：真值表 conjunction：合取 disjunction：析取 propositional function：命题公式 fallacy: 谬误 syllogism：三段论 universal quantification：全称量词化 existential quantification：存在量词化 hypothesis(premise)： 假设，前提，前件 conditional statement, implication：条件式，蕴涵式 consequent, conclusion：结论，后件 converse：逆命题 contrapositive：逆否命题 biconditional, equivalence：双条件式，等价 logically equivalent：(逻辑)等价的 contingency：可满足式 tautology：永真式(重言式) contradiction, absurdity：永假(矛盾)式 logically follow：是…的逻辑结论 argument：论证 rules of reference：推理规则 modus ponens：肯定律 modus tollens：否定律 reductio ad absurdum：归谬律 proof by contradiction：反证法 counterexample：反例 minterm：极小项 disjunctive normal form：主析取范式 maxterm：极大项 conjunctive normal form：主合取范式 本章内容及教学要点： 1.1 Statements and Connectives 教学内容：statements(propositions)，compound statement，connectivesnegation，conjunction，disjunction，truth tables 1.2 Conditional Statements 教学内容：implications(conditional statements)，biconditional，equivalent，and quantifications 1.3　Equivalent Statements 教学内容：logical equivalence，converse，inverse，contrapositive，tautology，contradiction(absurdity)，contingency，properties of logical connectives 1.4 Axiomatic Systems: Arguments and Proofs 教学内容：rules of reference，augument，valid argument，hypotheses，premises，law of detachment(modus ponens)，syllogism，modus tollens，addition，proof by contradiction 1.5 Normal Forms 教学内容：minterm，disjunctive normal form，maxterm，conjunctive normal form 定理证明及例题解答 Logic, developed by Aristotle, has been used through the centuries in the development of many areas of learning including theology, philosophy, and mathematics. It is the foundation on which the whole structure of mathematics is built. Basically it is the science of reasoning, which may allow us to determine statements about mathematics whether are true or f