警察盘查制度法律问题研究.docVIP

警察盘查制度若干法律问题研究 A Research on Some Legal Issues of the Police Interrogation and Check 作 者：万毅/陈大鹏 作者简介： 万毅，博士，上海交通大学法学院副教授；陈大鹏，上海交通大学法学院硕士生 上海 200030 原文出处： 《南京师大学报：社会科学版》2009年第5期 第33-44页 内容提要： 盘查系介于任意性调查行为与强制性调查行为之间的中间行为。警察为拦阻、留置相对人得采用必要的强制力手段，但是具体强制力度应遵循比例原则的要求，参酌案情的重大性、可疑的程度、盘问的必要性、紧急性等因素综合权衡后决定。现场盘查的时间原则上应控制在20分钟以内，仅在考虑到盘查方式合理性、必要性与合目的性的前提下可以适当延长；同行后继续盘问的时间应控制在6小时以内，情况比较复杂的，可以延长至12小时（不能高于拘传的期间）。如果相对人拒绝回答身份信息或者回答无法令盘查人员满意，警察可以采取一切必要之强制力以获取相对人的身份信息；而在其他基础信息方面，公民有权拒绝回答，即使公民选择自愿回答后也无需为真实性提供担保。盘查中的人身检查应当限于体表拍触，物品检查也限于随身携带及现实可支配、控制的范围，而不得随意侵入嫌疑人的上锁的物品内部。如果盘查是以同意的方式进行，无须立法的明确授权，其合法性源于公民舍弃基本权的承诺。 Interrogation and check is an intermediate behavior between inoffensive investigation and compulsory investigation.Police could use some necessary compelling force,but its specific compulsory strength should follow the requirements of the principle of proportionality,and be determined after weighing multiple factors such as the severity of cases,the level of suspicion,and the necessity and emergency of interrogation and check.The time of spot interrogation and check is,in principle,limited within 20 minutes,and it could extend only on the premise of the rationality,necessity and purpose-conformity of the method of interrogation and check.In addition,the time should be controlled within 6 hours if the police go along with the suspect,and it could extend to 12 hours if the situation is complicated,but it could last no more than the duration of mandatory summon.Police could take any compelling force to get the identity information of the counterparts if they refuse to answer questions or their answers do not satisfy the police.But as for other basic information,citizens have rights to keep silent; even if they choose to reply voluntarily,they have no responsibility to ensure the truthfulness of their answers.Personal examination in interrogation and check should be limited to patting and touching on the body surface,and goods examination is limited to carry-on items and items realist