大学英汉互译第1章unit1GeneralPrincipels.ppt

VI. 基本翻译策略 1. Literal translation (直译) Free translation (意译) Literal translation and free translation, as translation strategies, are seen from the perspective of linguistic reproduction. Literal translation, also called word-for-word translation, is ideally the segmentation of the source language text into individual words and target language rendering of those word-segments one at a time. This ideal is often impossible. (Baker, 2004: 125) Free translation, also known as sense-for-sense translation, emphasizes transfer of the meaning or “spirit” of a source text over accurate reproduction of the original wording. The purpose of sense-for-sense translation is to accommodate the needs of the target language reader by producing a text which conforms to the linguistic and textual norms of the target language and culture, and which does not therefore sound “foreign”. (Shuttleworth Cowie, 2004: 151) For example: He had about as much chance of getting a job as of being chosen mayor of Chicago. (Jack London) Translation: Version 1. 他找到工作的机会和当选芝加哥市市长的机会几乎差不多。（直译程度高） Version 2. 他要找工作简直跟要当芝加哥市市长同样困难。（直、意译之间） Version 3. 他找到工作的机会简直微乎其微。（意译程度高） Which one do you prefer? Why? 2. Foreignizing translation (foreignization) (异化翻译) Domesticating translation (domestication) (归化翻译) While literal and free translation mainly deal with linguistic reproduction, foreignizing translation and domesticating translation are concerned more with cultural, linguistic and aesthetic considerations. Foreignization is a strategy in which a target text is produced which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original. This method is “an ethnodeviant pressure on target-language cultural values to register the linguistic and cultural difference of the foreign text, sending the reader abroad” to have alien reading experience (异化译法是偏离民族主义的，对译入语文化价值施加压力，使其关注外语文本的语言和文化差异，把读者带入外国情景，体验外国人的阅读感受). (Venuti, 1995: 20) In other words, it brings the TL