第四章动与量和角动量.pptVIP

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第四章动与量和角动量

Chapter 4 Momentum and Angular Momentum * Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630) Planetary orbits are ellipses with the sun at one focus. Figure shows the shape and features of an ellipse. Planetary orbits are not as eccentric as the one drawn here, however. Kepler’s first law 地球轨道的偏心率为0.0167 4.5 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation 4.5.1 Kepler’s Laws Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Chapter 4 Momentum and Angular Momentum * [例4-6] 三棱体 C、滑块 A、B,各面均光滑。已知mC=4mA=16mB , ?=300,?=600。求A下降 h=10cm时三棱体 C 在水平方向的位移。 解: 水平方向无外力, 质心水平位置不变。 A B C α β h 设三棱体 位移为 : Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Chapter 4 Momentum and Angular Momentum * [例4-7] 质量为M的人,手里拿着质量为m的物体,此人用与地平线成? 的速度v0 向前跳去,当他到达最高点时,把物体以相对于自己以速度 u 向后抛出,问由于物体的抛出,他跳过的距离与不抛物体时相比可增加多少? 人不向后抛出物体,所跳过的距离: [解法一] 取地面坐标系,用动量守恒定律求解。 人在最高点向后抛出物体的过程中,应用动量守恒定律: m M α R R+ΔR x y O Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Chapter 4 Momentum and Angular Momentum * 抛出物体后人的速度: 比不抛出物体时速度增加了: 抛出物体后多跳过的距离: Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Chapter 4 Momentum and Angular Momentum * [解法二] 质心坐标系中应用动量守恒定律。 在下落时间过程中,人相对于质心运动的距离,即为人比不抛出物体时多跳过的距离: m M α R R+ΔR x y O Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Chapter 4 Momentum and Angular Momentum * [解法三] 应用质心运动定律求解。 人以相对于自己速度u 抛出物体m,下落后,人M与物体m之间的距离: 联立方程后,可得落地时人离质心距离为: END m M α R R+ΔR x y O Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Chapter 4 Momentum and Angular Momentum * 例、两个质量分别为m1和m2的木块A、B,用一劲度系数为k的轻弹簧连接,放在光滑的水平面上。A紧靠墙。今用力推B块,使弹簧压缩?l然后释放,若以A、弹簧和B为系统求: (1)系统质心加速度和质心速度的最大值; (2)释放后A,B两滑

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