高考英语语法专题复习 定语从句讲义和练习.docVIP

高考英语语法专题复习 定语从句 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,称为定语从句,也叫形容词性从句 1.关系代词引导的定语从句 　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： 　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。 2） whose 用来指人或物，例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　　 Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： 　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 2.关系副词引导的定语从句 　 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。例如：There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born.　Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer?　 3.判断关系代词与关系副词 　 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： 　 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. This is the mountain village which I visited last year.　 Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.　 Ill never forget the days that we spent together.　 4.限制性和非限制性定语从句 1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month.　　　The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 2） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,例如： 　　　Tom failed in the exam, which made his father angry. 5.介词+关系词 介词后面的关系词不能省略;that前不能有介词;某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如： 　 This is the house in which (where)I lived two years ago. 　 Do you remember the day on which (when) you joined our club? 6.as, which 非限定性定语从句 　　由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 7.先行词和关系词二合一 　1） Whoever spits in public will be punished here. （Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替） 　2） The parents will use what they have to send th