英语教学法UNIT12PART14.ppt

* Unit 12 Teaching Writing Aims of the unit What, Why and how do we write? A communicative approach to writing Problems in writing tasks in existing textbooks and classroom teaching A process approach to writing Motivating students to write Designing writing tasks Writing through the Internet 12.1 What, why and how do we write What do we write? letters, journals, notes, instructions, posters, essays,reports, menus, etc. Why do we write? to convey messages, to keep a record of what is in our mind, to communicate, to raise awareness of how language works, to become more familiar with the linguistic and social conventions of writing in English, etc. 3. How do we write? collaborative and solitary ELT writing vs. writing in reality Two major differences: ‘writing as language learning’ (to consolidate language that is recently studied) vs. writing for communication (to convey messages or for self creation) ELT writing tasks lack authenticity. ELT writing tasks focus on the product rather than process, ignoring planning, drafting, rewriting stages. ? We should make students want to write in the first place, then teach them how to write. 12.2 A communicative approach to writing Students are motivated by authentic writing tasks that have some communicative elements. Writing for a specific recipient (e.g. a friend, parent) Writing for an intended audience: creative writing intended to be read by other people With different audiences and different purposes, the writing piece could vary greatly. Writing activities can be “writing for learning”, “writing for communication” and somewhere between. 12.3 Problems in writing tasks They are mainly accuracy-based. They are designed to practice a certain target structures. There is insufficient preparation before the writing stage. There is no sense of audience. There is no sense of authenticity. Students are given ideas to express rather than being invited to invent their own. There is no opportunity for creative w