专题二：非谓语动词.docVIP

【专题七】非谓语动词【知识点归纳】 I.概述 1.基本形式的变化： 不定式： 时态 主动态 被动态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been done John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. (一般式的主动态) He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)现在分词 时态 主动态 被 动 态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 注意：不及物动词没有被动式 He sat in a chair, reading a novel. (一般式的主动态) Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式的被动态) Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式的主动态) All things having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态) 过去分词形式： done 例句 Notice v.之前， 被动 What do you think of the party held last night? 做状语时，having been done, done,都可以 (H比done有更明显的时间差) 做定语时，n.后只有done，在特定的v.后 to have been done表虚拟 v.之前 With his friends gone, he felt lonely. 只表已完成，无被动；特定v：gone、developed、frozen 被动 Seen from space, the earth looks like a blue ball. 只表已完成，没有明显的时间界限 动名词： 时态 主动态 被 动 态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) （= I am sure that he will come in time）He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) （= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.）I’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态) （= I am confident that he have passed the exam.） He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态) 2.所做成分 项目/成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾补 介宾 定语 状语 动名词 △将来，一次 △ △ △ △不存在主谓关系 不定式 △一惯，泛指 △ △ △ △ △(目的，4个结果状语) 分词 △ △ △ △ 注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。 II.基本知识 1.不定式在句中充当的成分①作主语 To make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的 在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。 good，clever，foolish，strange + of sb to do important，easy，possible，clear + for sb to do ②作表语：be动词之后 ③作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后： He managed to pass the exam.他成功地通过了考试。 I didn’t expec