非洲园林.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * TEFTef (Eragrostis tef) is a significant crop in only one country in the world—Ethiopia. There, however, its production exceeds that of most other cereals. Each year, Ethiopian farmers plant almost 1.4 million hectares of tef,1 and they produce 0.9 million tons of grain, or about a quarter of the countrys total cereals.2 The grain is especially popular in the western provinces, where people prefer it to all other cereals and eat it once or twice (occasionally three times) every day. In that area, tef contributes about two-thirds of the protein to a typical diet. Most tef is made into injera, a flat, spongy, and slightly sour bread that looks like a giant bubbly pancake the size of a serving tray. People tear off pieces and use them to scoop up spicy stews that constitute the main meals. For the middle and upper classes it is the preferred staple; for the poor it is a luxury they generally cannot afford. 中文名：象腿蕉属拉丁名：Ensete 描? ??述：Enseta Bruce. 象腿蕉属，芭蕉科，约20种，分布于非洲及亚洲南部，我国云南产象腿蕉E. glaucum（Roxb.) Cheesman 1种。一次结实的高大草本假茎单生，由叶鞘层层重叠而成，基部膨大；叶大；花序初时呈莲座状，后伸长成柱状，下垂；苞片绿色，下部苞片内的花为两性花或雌花，上部苞片内的花为雄花；合生花被片往往3深裂成线形，离生的花被片较宽；雄蕊5；子房3室，中轴胎座，胚珠多数；浆果厚革质，干瘪或有很少果肉；种子通常较大。 熱帶產品：＊甘蔗：--葡萄牙～～巴西（16世紀）--黑人非洲～～（19世紀） ＊CACAO：濕潤環境（非洲雨林）--Sao Tomé、赤道Guiné ：可可島--Ghana：英國--C?te d’Ivoire：法國 Le Café：--衣索匹亞高原 ＊油脂：Unilever--花生油：塞內加爾蘇丹、尼日利亞、剛果民主--棕櫚油：喀麥隆L’Occitane：Savon de Marseille 棉織物：棉花：蘇丹區（Soudaninne）坦尚尼亞馬達加斯加 橡膠：喀麥隆賴比瑞亞象牙海岸加彭（越南） 農工產品種植：空間分佈＊花生、棉花：SAVANE＊咖啡、可可：森林區 造成現象：＊現代化！？＊現金收入！？＊小農（個別）的興起！？＊期貨市場的保證價格！？＊農作物的單純化！？ ＊出口導向！？＊灌溉設施！？＊基礎設施：運輸系統、電力…＊… 思考的問題：＊經濟作物的出口，是否是殖民的再延續？如何因應？＊殖民母國市場、舊殖民地生產 ＊農業全球化如何因應？＊如何創新、轉型？＊社會資本？ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *