kc第11讲-XML基础知识.pptVIP

第11讲: (第10章) XML基础知识  重庆大学计算机学院 XML XML(Extensible Markup Language)： Defined by the WWW Consortium联盟 (W3C) Derived from SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language标准通用标记语言), but simpler to use than SGML 注释：SGML是在Web出现之前于1986年出版发布的一种定义电子文档结构和描述其内容的国际标准语言(ISO 8879) XML与HTML的区别: Documents have tags giving extra information about sections of the document E.g. title XML /title slide Introduction …/slide Extensible, unlike HTML Users can add new tags, and separately specify how the tag should be handled for display XML没有固定的标签集，每个应用可以选择自己的标签集。 XML tag-标签及用途 The ability to specify new tags, and to create nested tag structures, make XML a great way to exchange data, not just documents. Much of the use of XML has been in data exchange applications, not as a replacement for HTML 在一个应用程序必须与另一个应用程序通信(交换数据)时、或在整合数据时，XML作为一种数据格式特别有用！ Tags make data (relatively) self-documenting 自描述 E.g. 教材 P.262  bank account account_number A-101 /account_number branch_name Downtown /branch_name balance 500 /balance /account …… customer customer_name Hayes /customer_name customer_street Main /customer_street customer_city Harrison /customer_city /customer …… depositor account_number A-101 /account_number customer_name Johnson /customer_name /depositor …… /bank XML Motivation Data interchange is critical in today’s networked world Each application area has its own set of standards for representing information XML has become the basis for all new generation data interchange formats Each XML based standard defines what are valid elements, using XML type specification languages to specify the syntax DTD (Document Type Descriptors) XML Schema Plus textual descriptions of the semantics XML allows new tags to be defined as required