GMAT逻辑 Arguments入门.docVIP

GMAT逻辑 Arguments入门 　　如果在gmat备考中CR是你的弱项，无论考 GMAT 还是 LSAT，CR 都是关键一项。如何攻克gmat逻辑题是考试成功的一个必要条件。而且掌握了 CR，你的英文写作也会变得条理分明，论据充分，结论恰到好处。但我这个系列有个前提：大部分只用英文。因为我的体会是：如果 CR 想考高分，你就得 Read, think, and analyze in English. 　　GMAT逻辑入门之Arguments 　　What is an argument? 　　An argument in logic is a set of one or more meaningful declarative sentences (or propositions) known as the premises with another sentence known as the conclusion. Therefore, each argument has at least two components: 1) a piece of evidence or proposition, officially called a “premise,” and 2) a conclusion. 　　Consider the following two statements: 　　1)Ming Li is smart. 　　2)Ming Li went to Peking University. 　　Each statement by itself is simply a claim or an assertion. Can you combine them together to form an argument? 　　One answer might be: 　　Ming Li is smart because he went to Peking University. 　　The red part of the answer is the conclusion; the blue part of the answer is the premise. These color codes will be the convention I use to label premise and conclusion through out the series. 　　A premise supports a conclusion. Most argument are not bullet-proof. That is: the evidence provided does not PROVE the conclusion reached beyond a shaow of a doubt. A premise is just an evidence, one reason to shed some positive light on the conclusion, one piece of information which makes the conclusion more likely. In CR, all premises given in the stimulus are considered true. In the above example, we should not doubt whether Ming went to Peking University or not. However, we can analyze the argument by focusing on the logic which connects the premise and the conclusion in an argument. 　　Indicators 　　How to tell which statement is a premise or a conclusion in an argument? A quick way is to find indicators such as because, since, for, as, considering, whereas, and on the grounds that, which signal to the reader that a premise is coming! In the example above, Ming Li is smart because he went to Peking University, he went