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Minerals Introduction Conception: minerals are nutritionally important chemical elements obtained from the macronutrients excluding C, H, N, and O. They are considered essential. If their source of exposure were removed, there would be a consistent and reproducible impairment of some physiological activity. Inorganic elemental atoms that are essential nutrients, but not changed by digestion or metabolism. Minerals are found in many different chemical forms including: complexes, chelates and free ions (especially group 1 and 17 elements). Minerals are essentially indestructible since they are not affected by heat, light, oxidizing agents or extremes in pH. Classification Macro or Major minerals minerals 钾（K，potassium） 钠（Na，sodium） 钙（Ca，calcium） 磷（P，phosphorus） 镁（Mg，magnesium） 氯（Cl，chlorine） 硫（S，sulfur） Present in body tissues at concentrations 0.01% Micro or Trace minerals (body needs relatively less) iodine碘I、 zinc锌Zn、 selenium硒Se、 copper铜Cu、 molybdenum钼Mo、 chromium铬Cr、 cobalt钴Co、 iron铁Fe manganese, fluoride, silicon, tin, arsenic, nickel… Present in body tissues at concentrations 0.01% Essential microminerals(8): iodine碘I、 zinc锌Zn、 selenium硒Se、 copper铜Cu、 molybdenum钼Mo、 chromium铬Cr、 cobalt钴Co、 iron铁Fe Potential toxic micro-minerals: 铝Al、锡Sn、锂Li、铅Pb、镉Cd、汞Hg、砷As Function of Minerals 1． part of the rigid body structure and soft body tissue 如钙、磷、镁是骨骼和牙齿的重要成分，磷、硫是构成组织蛋白的成分。bone is Ca3(PO4)2, CaCO3 and Mg3(PO4)2 are the major ingredients of bone, teeth; phosphorus and sulfur are the components of protein. Soft tissue includes skin, fibrous tissues, fat(which are connective tissue), and muscles, nerves and blood vessels (which are not connective tissue). 2．part of body fluids (fluids outside of cells); Na+ ,K+, and Cl- (chlorine) are present as ions and preserve the electrolyte balance in our bodies. 3．Keep balance of fluid’s pH value 酸性、碱性无机离子的适当配合，加上重碳酸盐和蛋白质的缓冲作用是维持机体酸碱平衡的重要机制。 4．Keeping neuron, muscles e