神经外科的100个秘密(国外英文资料).docVIP

神经内科的100个秘密 The first step in treating patients with neurological diseases is to locate the lesion. Muscle disease usually causes asymmetrical weakness in the near side, without loss of sensation. Nerve muscle joint disease causes fatigue. Peripheral neuropathy causes distal, asymmetrical weakness in the far side, accompanied by atrophy, fluting, loss of sensation, and pain. Nerve root lesions cause radiation pain. Spinal lesion causes distal symmetry in the far side, sphincter and sensory plane triad. 7. The brain stem of unilateral lesions often result in a cross syndrome, namely, one or more of the ipsilateral cranial nerve dysfunction associated with the contralateral hemiplegia body and/or paresthesia. The disease of the cerebellum leads to ataxia (or motor tremor). 9. In the brain, the cortex lesions can lead to aphasia, epilepsy, partial hemiplegia (arms and face), and subcortical lesions can lead to visual field defect, primary feel paralysis, more comprehensive hemiplegia (face, arms and legs). The brain is isolated from the rest of the body through the blood-brain barrier. Learning and memory are possible, because stimulating repeated input to the synapses can lead to long-lasting changes in the function of neurons (long term enhancement). 12. Some of the most common and important diseases of the nervous system is caused by abnormal neurotransmitter: alzheimers disease (ach), epilepsy (gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA), Parkinsons disease (dopamine), migraine (serotonin), etc. Many hereditary neurological diseases have been shown to be caused by the repeated sequence of three nucleotides. Foot drooping (muscle weakness) can be caused by the total of the total nerve or the nerve root of the waist. If the facial nerve is damaged (such as bells palsy), then the side of the face is weak, the peripheral facial paralysis. If the cortical input is damaged in the facial nerve pathway (as in stroke), only the lower part of the face is weak, the central facial paralys