土力学-10-地基承载力.pptVIP

8.5 Design value of bearing capacity (地基承载力的特征值值) (ii) 根据现场载荷试验或规范经验值 现场载荷试验 软弱下卧层验算 当地基受力层范围内存在软弱下卧层时，还必须对下卧层进行验算。 基底压力标准值； 基底处自重压力值； 应力扩散角； pc pcz pz Chapter 8 Bearing capacity Part 1 (地基承载力) In this lecture, we’ll learn Types of foundation failures (基础破坏的类型) Ultimate bearing capacity of shallow Foundations (浅基础地基极限承载力) Prandtl’s method: smooth foundation and weightless soil (普朗特公式:基底光滑与土无重量) Terzaghi’s method: rough foundation (太沙基公式:基底粗糙) 8.1 Introduction (前言) Ultimate bearing capacity (qu) is defined as the pressure which would cause shear failure of the supporting soil immediately below and adjacent to a foundation. (当基底压力增大到极限承载力时,地基出现剪切破坏) A foundation must satisfy two fundamental requirements: (设计基础要满足两个要求 ) the factor of safety Fs against shear failure of the supporting soil must be adequate, a value between 2 and 3 normally being specified (地基达到剪切破坏的安全糸数 Fs 要适当,一般在2至3之间 ) 8.1 Introduction (前言) the settlement of the foundation should be tolerable and, in particular, differential settlement should not cause any unacceptable damage of the structure (基础的沉降和沉降差必须在该建筑物所允许的范围之内) Allowable bearing capacity (qa) is defined as the maximum pressure which may be applied to the soil such that the above two requirements are satisfied. From first requirement, qa is defined as: (地基的容许承载力 qa 定义为当上述两个条件满足时的基底最大压力.当条件一满足时qa 定义如下) 8.2 Types of foundation failures (基础破坏的类型) (i) General shear failure (整体剪切破坏 ) State of plastic equilibrium is fully developed throughout the soil above the failure surfaces (地基形成连续滑动面而破坏) Heaving of the ground surface occurs (基础两侧地面向上隆起) Typical failure mode for soils of low compressibility, i.e. dense or stiff soils (密砂或硬粘土的典型破坏模式) Pressure Settlement Sliding surface (滑动面) Ground surface (地面) 8.2 Types of foundation failures (基础破坏的类型) (ii) Local shear failure (局部剪切破坏) Partial development of the state of plastic equilibrium (剪切破坏区限制在地基内部某一区域) Slight heaving occurs (基础两侧地面只是微微隆起) It is characterised by the occurrence of relatively